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Technical Papers

Diagnostic Value of the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram During Conventional and Biventricular Pacing for Cardiac Resynchronization 
S. Serge Barold, MD, Michael C. Giudici, MD, Bengt Herweg, MD, Anne B. Curtis, MD  More . . .   (Posted 9/18/06)

Twelve-Month Results of Percutaneous Endovascular Reconstruction for Chronically Occluded Superficial Femoral Arteries: A Quality-of-Life Assessment
Eric Dippel, M.D., Nicolas Shammas, M.D., Vickie Takes, RT(R), CCRC, Lauren Coyne, Jon Lemke   More . . .   (Posted 7/21/06)

Is Thrombin Suppression Adequate with Low Dose Heparin (LDH) and Eptifibatide versus High Dose Heparin (HDH) in Patients Undergonig Peripheral Percutaneous Interventions (PPI)? 
Nicolas W. Shammas, Eric J. Dippel, Jon H. Lemke, H. Lester Kirchner, Jon Robken, Vickie Takes, Theresa Palabrica
From the Midwest Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Davenport, IA
More . . .    (Posted 5/9/06) 

In-Hospital Complications in Treating Chronic Limb Ischemia: A Comparative Analysis of Anticoagulation Regimens
Nicolas Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Christina Amidon, BS, Pragnesh Patel, MD, Glen Ancheta, BS
From the Midwest Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Davenport, IA
More . . .    (Posted 5/9/06) 

CPAP Does Not Reduce High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Moutasim H. Al-Shaer, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FICA, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Matthew J. Kapalis, BS, AFICA, Eric J. Dippel, MD, FIAC, Harb Harb, BS, Gautum Reddy, Dawn McKinney, MA, Akshay K. Mahadevia, MD
More . . .     (Posted 3/31/06) 

Commentary:  In-Stent Restenosis in the Renal Arteries:  The Role of Brachytherapy
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD
More . . .      (Posted 1/25/06)

Eptifibatide in Peripheral Vascular Interventions:  Results of the Integrilin Reduces Inflammation in Peripheral Vascular Interventions (INFLAME) Trial
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Jon Robken, MD, H. Lester Kirchner, MD, Vickie Takes, RTR, Matthew J. Kapalis, BS, Theresa Palabrica, MD    More . . .   (January 2006)

Commentary - Thrombosis, Inflammation, and Our Evolving Understanding of Vascular Biology during Interventional Therapy
  
John J. Young, MD     More . . .   (January 2006)

The Effect of Intrinsic QRS Width on the Acute Hemodynamic Response and Optimal AV Delay for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Michael Giudici, Michael Gold, Imran Niazi, Michael Kim, Yinghong Yu, Jiang Ding, Shantha Arcot-Krishnamurthy, Phillip Schrumpf.
More . . .   (November 2005) 

Right Ventricular Outflow Septal Pacing Is Single-Lead Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Right Bundle Branch Block
Michael Giudici, Phillip Schrumpf 
More . . .   (November 2005) 

Comparison of Optimal AV Delays for CRT Predicted from a New Electrogram-Based Algorithm and Tradiational Echo-Based Methods
Imran Niazi, Michael Gold, Michael Giudici, Michael Kim, Robert Leman, Yinghong Yu, Shantha Arcot-Krishnamurthy, Mindi Newman, Adam Hoyhtya.
More . . .   (November 2005)

Is Nominal AV Delay Offset Optimal for Heart Failure Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy? 
Robert Leman, Michael Gold, Imran Niazi, Michael Giudici, yinghong Yu, Shantha Arcot-Krishnamurthy, Joseph Strakna, Adam Hoyhtya.
More . . .   (November 2005)


Effect of Atrial Pacing on Hemodynamic Response, Inter-Atrial and Atrio-Ventricular Intervals during Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)
Michael Gold, Imran Niazi, Michael Giudici, Robert Leman, Michael Kim, Shantha Arcot-Krishnamurthy, Yinghong Yu, Jiang Ding, and Joseph Strakna. 
More . . .    (November 2005)

Clinical Results of an Advanced SVT Detection Enhancement Algorithm
Michael A. Lee, Raffaele Corbisiero, David R. Nabert, James A. Coman, Michael C. Giudici, Gery F. Tomassoni, Kyong T. Turk, David J. Brieter, Yunlong Zhang  
More . . .     (November 2005) 

Routine Visualization of the Left Internal Mammary Artery Before Bypass Surgery:  Is It Necessary? 
Pragnesh Patel, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Matthew J. Kapalis, BA, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Jon Lemke, PhD, Catherine Harb, BS   
More . . .   (September 2005)

Evidence-based Management of Peripheral Vascular Disease
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, and Eric J. Dippel, MD   
More . . . 
    (September 2005)

Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk:  An Overview
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FICA and Eric Dippel, MD, FICA   
More . . .      (August 2005)

Commentary:  Achieving Optimal Platelet Inhibition During Percutaneous Coronary Interventions  
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD    More . . .    (June 2005)

Predictors of In-Hospital and 30-day Complications of Peripheral Vascular Interventions Using Bivalirudin as the Primary Anticoagulant:  Results from the APPROVE Registry
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, David Allie, MDE, Patrick Hall, MD, John Young, MD, John Laird, MD, Robert Safian, MD, Ajay Virmani, MD, on behalf of the APPROVE Investigators  J Invasiv Cardiol 2005; 17:xxx-xxx
More . . .   (May 2005)

Electrocardiographic Follow-Up of Biventricular Pacemakers
Barold SS, Herweg B., Giudici M
Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol, 2005 Apr;10(2):231-55
More . . .   (April 2005) 

Complications in Peripheral Vascular Interventions: Emerging Role of Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD      More . . .     (April 2005)

Endovascular Stent-Graft Repair of Renal Dissection with Expanding Intramural Hematoma Following Renal Artery Stenting
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Karen E. Butler, RTR  More . . .    (April 2005)

Tissue Shearing with Distal Translocation Complicating Cutting Balloon Angioplasty During Treatment of In-stent Restenosis
How would you treat this patient?  Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FSCAI  More . . .      (January 2005) 

Commentary "Global Management of Concomitant Peripheral Vascular and Coronary Diseases:  the Role of the Invasive Cardiologist"
  
by Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD   More . . .    (January 2005) 

Discussion Question:  The interventional field is developing new technologies and procedures at a rapid pace.  Do you feel that the perspective of "what's best for the patient" is threatened in light of the constant stream of exciting new technologies?  Do you have any suggestions for physicians and professionals on how to stay appropriately focused?   More . . .     
(January 2005) 


Bivalirudin Provides Effective Anticoagulation in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Peripheral Intervention
John R. Laird, MD, David Allie, MD, Patrick Hall, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Robert Safian, MD, John J. Young, MD, Ajay Virmani, MD   More . . .    (January 2005)


Discussion Question:
Will drug-eluting stents have a major impact in prevention of restenosis after non-coronary interventions?   Dr. Nicholas Shammas shares his thoughts.  More . . .    (January 2005)

The Angiomax Peripheral Procedure Registry of Vascular Events Trial (APPROVE): In-Hospital and 30-Day Results
David Allie, MD, Patrick Hall, MD, Nicolas Shammas, MD, Robert Safian, MD, John R. Laird, MD, John J. Young, MD, Ajay Virmani, MD (January 2005)

Ectopy and Wide QRS Tachycardia:  What is the Mechanism?
Michael C. Giudici, MD, and Warren M. Jackman, MD  (December 2004)

Integrilin Reduces CD-40L Acutely In Patients Undergoing Peripheral Vascular Interventions: Results of the INFLAME Trial (Poster)  
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Jon Robken, MD, H. Lester Kirchner, PhD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Vickie Takes, RTR, Monica Youngblut, RN, Penny Stoakes, RN, Matthew J. Kapalis, BS, Theresa Palabrica, MD     (November 2004)

Discussion Question: 
Percutaneous revascularization for SFA/popliteal arterial disease: how and when will endovascular techniques and devices become truly competitive with bypass surgery?  Dr. Nicholas Shammas shares his thoughts.  More . . .    (November 2004)

Bivalirudin in Peripheral Vascular Interventions: A Single Center Experience
(October 2004) 
(October 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Dawn E. McKinney, MA, Vickie S. Takes, RN, Monica Youngblut, RN, Melodee Harris, RN

Reducing Myocardial Free Wall Rupture Following Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case for Primary Angioplasty (October 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FACC, FSCAI

Summed Stress Scoring Does Not Predict hs_CRP on Sestamibi Stress Testing (Poster) (August 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, Matthew J. Kapalis, H. Lester Kirchner, Jon H. Lemke, William Hauber, Eric J. Dippel

CPAP Does Not Reduce HS-CRP in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Poster)
(August 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, Jon H. Lemke, Matthew J. Kapalis, Eric J. Dippel, Harb Harb, Gautum Reddy, Dawn McKinney, Moutassim al-Shaer, Akshay K. Mahadevia 

Complications of Peripheral Interventions with Unfractionated Heparin (Poster) (August 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Jon Lemke, PhD 

Trifurcating Left Main Stenting with the Cypher Drug Eluting Stent (DES) (Poster)
(August 2004)
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Jon Robken, MD, Jane Moore, RN

Predictors of Elevated Brain Natriuretic Peptide in an Outpatient Cardiology Clinic (Poster)
(August 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, Eric J. Dippel, Jon H. Lemke, Justin Langan, Matthew J. Kapalis, Peter J. Sharis, Terri Gulzinski, Gautum Reddy

Heparin Coating Eliminates Acute Thrombosis (HEAT Study):  Pilot Safety Study (Poster)
(August 2004) 
Eric J. Dippel, Jeff W. Chambers, Nicolas W. Shammas, V. Pink, Vickie S. Takes, Monica M. Youngblut, Jon H. Lemke

Novel Dosing of Abciximab Enhances Peri-Procedural Platelet Inhibition:  Observations from the HEAT Study (Poster)
(August 2004) 
Jeff W. Chamgers, Eric J. Dippel, V. Pink, Nicolas W. Shammas, Vickie S. Takes, Monica M. Youngblut, Jon H. Lemke

Chronic Hypoxia Secondary to a Right to Left Shunt through an Atrial Septal Defect In a Patient with a Large Eustachian Valve Successfully Treated with the Amplatzer Occluder Closure Device (Poster) 
(August 2004)  Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Stephanie Egts, Jane Moore

An Overview of Antithrombins in Peripheral Vascular Interventions (August 2004) 
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FACC, FSCAI 

Elevated Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Homocysteine, and Lipoprotein(a) Are Associated with the Occurrence of Symptomatic Bypass Graft Disease 1 Year Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
(August 2004) 
Melodee Harris, MS, Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Michael Jerin, MD

Routine Visualization of the Left Internal Mammary Artery Before Coronary Bypass Surgery:  Is It Necessary? (Poster) 
(August 2004)
Matthew J. Kapalis, BA, Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Pragnesh Patel, MD, Michael Jerin, PhD, Jon Lemke, PhD 

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Placement of Defibrillation Leads:  Five Year Experience (April 2004) 
Michael C. Giudici, S. Serge Barold*, Deborah L. Paul, Phillip E. Schrumpf**, Kent J. VanWhy, and David W. Orias
(From the Division of Cardiology, Genesis Heart Institute, Davenport, Iowa; *Tampa General Hospital, Tamp, Florida; and **Guidant CRM, St. Paul, Minnesota)

Pacemaker and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Implantation Without Reversal of Warfarin Therapy
(April 2004)
Michael C. Giudici, S. Serge Barold*, Deborah L. Paul, and Praveen Bontu (From the Divisions of Cardiology, Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, Iowa and the *Tampa General Hospital, Tampa Florida)

Management of a Patient with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Immediately After Successful Coiling of a Basilar Tip Aneurysm for a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage  (March 2004)
Case management comments by Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FACC

Percutaneous Endovascular Reconstruction for Chronic Occlusions in Peripheral Vascular Disease:  A Quality of Life Perspective (Poster)
Eric J. Dippel, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Vickie S. Takes, RN, Lauren E. Coyne, John H. Lemke, PhD  (March 2004)

Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusions Using Optical Coherent Reflectometry and Radiofrequency Ablative Energy:  Incremental Success Over Conventional Techniques
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, FACC  (February 2004)

Protruding Umbrella into the Left Atrium Associated with Recurrence of a Stroke:  A Possible Labe Complication of the CardioSEAL Occluder
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Thomas Fagan, MD, Prakash R. Bontu, MD, Mark A. Hull, MD   (February 2004)

Evaluation of Platelet Activation, Fibrinolysis, and Hemostatic Activation During High Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, FICA,
1,2 Beverly J. Pennell, MSc,1 James Rossen, MD,1 Michael Winniford, MD,1 Thomas Carlisle, MD,1 Dawn McKinney, MA,2 Charles Francis, MD3  (December 2003)

Clinical and Angiographic Predictors of Restenosis Following Renal Artery Stenting
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Matthew J. Kapalis, BA, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Michael J. Jerin, PhD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Pragnesh Patel, MD, Melodee Harris, BSc  (October 2003)

Unprotected Left Main Stenting in a Patient with ESRD Using a CYPHERTM Stent & Bivalirudin
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, FACC, and Jon Robken, MD, FACC  
(August 2003)


Bivalirudin in Peripheral Vascular Interventions:  A Single Center Experience
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Dawn E. McKinney, MA, Vickie S. Takes, RN, Monica Youngblut, RN, Melodee Harris, RN  (July 2003)

Active-Can Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Placement from a Femoral Approach
Michael C. Giudici, MD, Deborah L. Paul, RTR, and Cynthia J. Meierbachtol, BSN  (May 2003)

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for the Treatment of Heart Failure in Patients with Intraventricular Conduction Delay and Malignant Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias
Steven L. Higgins, MD, FACC, John D. Hummel, MD, FACC, Imran K. Niazi, MD, FACC, Michael C. Giudici, MD, FACC, Seth J. Worley, MD, FACC, Leslie A. Saxon, MD, FACC, John P. Boehmer, MD, FACC, Michael B. Higginbotham, MD, Teresa DeMarco, MD, FACC, Elyse Foster, MD, FACC, Patrick G. Yong, MSEE  (May 2003)

In-Hospital Complications of Peripheral Vascular Interventions Using Unfractionated Heparin as the Primary Anticoagulant
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Dawn E. McKinney, MA, Vickie S. Takes, RN, Monica Youngblut, RN, Melodee Harris, RN, Catherine Harb, Matthew J. Kapalis, BSc, Jane Holden, RN     Commentary - Deepak L. Bhatt, MD  (April 2003)

Effectiveness of Statin-Gemfibrozil Combination Therapy in Patients with Mixed Hyperlipidemia: Experience of a Community Lipid Clinic and Safety Review from the Literature

Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, MS; Matthew J. Kapalis, BSN; Judi Deckert, MSc; Melodee Harris, BSN; Eric J. Dippel, MD; Ajay Labroo, MD; Dawn McKinney, MA  (March 2003)

Influence of Native Conduction Status on Clinical Results With Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Pacing
Michael C. Giudici, MD, S. Serge Barold, MD, Angela L. Moeller, RN, Cindy J. Meierbachtol, BSN, Deborah L. Paul, RTR, and Mary C. Walton, PhD
The American Journal of Cardiology Vol. 91 ( January 15, 2003)

Beta Blockers are Superior to Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs in Decreasing VT/VF in Patients with CRT Devices
Michael C. Giudici, Adrian K. Almquist, Marc R. Pritzker, Ramona D. Ruble, Vicki L. Rathbun, Jill E. Schafer; Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, IA; Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, MN; Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, MN  (2003)

Clinical and Angiographic Determinants of Acute Stent Recoil in the Renal Artery (Poster)
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Matthew J. Kapalis, BA, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Michael J. Jerin, PhD, Jon H. Lemke, PhD, Melodee Harris, BSc  (2003)

Clinical and Angiographic Predictors of Restenosis Following Renal Artery Stenting (Poster)
Nicolas W. Shammas, MS, MD, Matthew J. Kapalis, BA, Eric J. Dippel, MD, Michael J. Jerin, PhD, Pragnesh Patel, MD, Melodee Harris, BSc, Jon H. Lemke, PhD  (2003)

Detection Time Comparison Between Induced Episodes
Michael Giudici, Mitchell Faddis, Steven Bailin, Jill Schafer, Rhonda Van Genderen; Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, IA; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Iowa Heart Center, Des Moines, IA; Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, MN  (2003)

Effect on Ventricular Defibrillation Threshold when adding a Coronary Sinus Shocking Coil to a Standard Triad Shocking Vector
Robert Hoyt, MD, Michael C. Giudici, MD, Avram Scheiner, PhD, and Arlen Ketelson.  NASPE Abstract  (2003)

Efficacy of Simultaneous Right and Left Ventricular Anti-Tachycardia Pacing (BiV ATP) in Heart Failure Patients with an AICD Indication, Improves with Time
Ignacio Fernandez Lozano, MD, Steven Higgens, John Hummel, Imran Niazi, MD, Michael C. Giudici, MD, Angel Madrid and Christian Duby, MD.     NASPE Abstract  (2003)

Enoxaparin Use is Safe With Gamma Radiation Intrasvascular Brachytherapy (Poster)
Eric J. Dippel, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, Vickie S. Takes, RN  (2003)

Functional Outcome is Improved with Cardiac Resynchronization in Patients Who Had a Prior Implantable Defibrillator
Michael Giudici, David Gilligan, Patrick Yong; Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, IA; Chippenham Medical Center, Richmond, VA; Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, MN  (2003) 

In-Vitro Imaging of Intrasvascular Stents by Multislice CT Scanning (Poster)
Eric J. Dippel, MD, Patrick P. Rheingans, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Andrew E. Berkow, MD  (2003)

New Coronary Sinus Lead for Pacing and Defibrillating the Atrium
Michael C. Giudici, MD, Robert Hoyt, MD, Avram Scheiner, PhD, Arlen Ketelson and Cynthia Meierbachtol, II.  NASPE Abstract  (2003)

Predictors of Device and Procedure-Related Complications with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Michael Giudici, Mitchell Faddis, Adrian Almquist, Patrick Yong; Genesis Medical Center, Davenport, IA; Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN; Guidant Corporation, St. Paul, MN  (2003)

Right Ventricular Outflow Septal Pacing is Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients with Right Bundle Branch Block
Michael C. Giudici, Therese A. Devlin, Angela K. Moeller, Darryn W. Tigrett; Division of Cardiology, Genesis Heart Institute, Davenport, IA  (2003)

Single Center Experience with the Novel IntraLuminal Safe-Cross® Wire for Percutaneous Treatment of Peripheral Vascular Chronic Occlusions (Poster)
Eric J. Dippel, MD, Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Vickie S. Takes, RN, Monica M. Youngblut, RN  (2003)

Supraclavicular Approach to the Subclavian Vein is a Useful Option for Upgrading to Biventricular Devices
Michael C. Giudici, MD, Deborah L. Paul, RTR, Sharron Gephart, RN, Sherri Faley, RN, and Jackie Carlson, RN.  NASPE Abstract  (2003)

Symptomatic Improvement with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy:  How Long Will It Last?
Michael C. Giudici, MD, John Boehmer, MD, Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green, MD, and Patric Yong, MSEE.  NASPE Abstract  (2003)

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Unprotected Left Main Stenting in a Patient with Totally Occluded Right Coronary Artery and Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Shauna R. Roberts, MD, Gerald L. Early, MD
The Journal of Invasive Cardiology, December 2002, Vol. 14, No. 12  (December 2002)

Practical Issues of Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Receptor Inhibition:  Saving Lives and Saving Money
Eric J. Dippel, MD 
2002 MedReviews, LLC     RICM Lilly S0004  (2002)

Randomized Comparison of VasoSeal and AngioSeal Closure Devices in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Vijay R. Rajendran, MD, Stephen G. Alldredge, DO, William J. Witcik, MD, Jon A. Robken, MD, J. Randolph Lewis, MD, Dawn McKinney, Christena A. Hansen, M. Elizabeth Kabel, Melodee Harris, Michael J. Jerin, PhD, Prakash R. Bontu, Eric J. Dippel, MD, and Ajay Labroo, MD  (October 2001)

Aminophylline Does Not Protect Against Radiocontrast Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Angiographic Procedures
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Matthew J. Kapalis, Melodee Harris, RN, BSc, Dawn McKinney, MA, Edmund P. Coyne, MD  (August 2001) 

Digoxin Withdrawal in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy Following Normalization of Ejection Fraction with Beta Blockers
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, Melodee L. Harris, RN, BSN, Dawn McKinney, MSC, William J. Hauber, BSC, CNMT  (March 2001)

Collective Contributions of Women to Cardiothoracic Surgery:  A Perspective Review
Shauna R. Roberts, MD, Amy F. Kells, MD, PhD, and Delos M. Cosgrove, III, MD  (January 2000)

Excellence and Low Case Volume:  An Example of the Inapplicability of Volume-Based Credentialing
Gerald L. Early, MD and Shauna R. Roberts, MD 
Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000;69:146-50  (2000)

Pulmonary Embolus after Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery:  A Review of the Literature
Nicolas W. Shammas, MD, FACC, FACP, FCCP
Clin. Cardiol. 23, 637-644 (November 1999)
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